H1ST0RY 1N DA MAK1NG

FNHS

bringash — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 01:52:50 +0000

Analysis Of Sources – Complete

bringash — Sat, 19 Dec 2009 21:17:22 +0000

Arab Terrorists Murder Eleven Israeli Olympic Athletes

The basis of the study of the scholarly article “Arab Terrorists Murder Eleven Olympic Athletes” is to describe the terrorist attack at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games without bias. Additionally, the article provides background information to the conflict. The article is well-structured which aids the readers’ understanding. The summary of events comes first; later the article explains the impact of events. The article portrays the attacks at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games different from other research dealing with the subject. It shows what happened and the impact to both sides, as opposed to just telling one side of the story. The author’s method of two sections to explain the event is rather successful because he forms a timeline within the text. The most significant findings within this article center on how Black September attempted to take these athletes hostage, aside from that another finding that was rather interesting was that West Germany succumbed to Black September’s ultimatum and Israel did not. Golda Meir proved to be a fairly significant figure in the conflict, and her morals played an integral factor as well.

Literature Review in the article:

Dobson, Christopher. Black September: Its Short, Violent History. Macmillan, 1974.

Frangi, Abdallah. The PLO and Palestine. Trans. by Paul Knight. Zed Books, 1983.

Groussard, Serge. The Blood of Israel: The Massacre of the Israeli Athletes, the Olympics, 1972. Trans. by Harold J. Salemson. William Morrow, 1975.

Kamenka, Eugene, ed.; Ed. Alice Erh-Soon. Human Rights: Ideas and Ideologies. St. Martin’s Press, 1978.

Parry, Albert. Terrorism: From Robespierre to Arafat. Vanguard Press, 1978.

Among these articles, there is a discussion of human rights, Arab perspective, and a complete account of the beginning and end of Black September.

Abstract – The abstract of the article is rather short, although it does give an accurate account of what the article discusses.

Introduction – The article begins discussing background information within the Arab-Israeli conflict. It is labeled “Summary of Events,” because it later discusses how the terrorist attack took place.

Literature Review – The literature review within the text is quite effective because it furthers my understanding of the subject matter. Additionally, the literature review is extensive; thus, I am able to choose from a variety of texts.

Methodology – The author uses 2 sections to provide an accurate account of the event. The first section is titled “Summary of Events” and the second section is titled “Impact of Event.” This method is quite effective in portraying the information.

Discussion of Findings – The author portrays his findings in an effective matter because it urges you to further research the topic.

Conclusion – The conclusion of the article recounts the points mentioned by the author throughout the text. It gives an extensive account of other instances where the Olympics have been cancelled or boycotted, although nothing to the degree of the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. The author then ends the article with this statement “Even in the world of crime, there are still some taboos, a final limit of dehumanization beyond which one dares not go. This limit was crossed by those guilty of the attack on the Olympic Village,” which indicates how he feels about the event.

Bibliography – The article’s bibliography provides useful, informative texts which may be helpful for further research.

Does the article’s structure conform to the outline discussed in Chapter 4 of Roselle and Spray? Why or why not?

The document certainly does conform to the outline discussed in Chapter 4 of Roselle and Spray. It does so because it consists of all the elements to make an effective scholarly article. Each section within the article plays a major role in the reader’s understanding, and the document does this successfully. The structure of the text demonstrates that it is well thought out. The only deviation from the guidelines given in Chapter 4 of Roselle and Spray is that the article does not have a specific section titled “Literature Review,” although it is easy to identify the literature review within the text. Additionally, the articles does not have the exact names given by Roselle and Spray. In summary, the article does generally conform to the guidelines given by Roselle and Spray, but has a few deviations.

Simple Literature Review – Completed, Directions Followed

bringash — Sat, 19 Dec 2009 20:08:09 +0000

Five Possible Research Terms:

Israeli Society

Munich Massacre

Black September

1972 Munich Olympic Games

Arab Leaders

Arab Governments

Terrorism in Arab-Israeli Conflict

Israeli Government

Arab Terrorists

Bibliography

Mirsky, Yehudah. “Inside the PLO: Covert Units, Secret Funds, and the War Against Israel and the United States.” The New Leader 73.8 (1990): 21. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

Harkavy, Robert E. “Revolution Until Victory? The Politics and History of the PLO.” Political Science Quarterly 109.5 (1994): 937+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

“Arab Terrorists Murder Eleven Israeli Olympic Athletes, September 5, 1972-September 6, 1972.” DISCovering World History. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center – Gold. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

DeSpain, Dori. “One Day in September: The Full Story of the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre and the Isaraeli Revenge Operation ‘Wrath of God.’.” School Library Journal 47.3 (2001): 286. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

McCollum, Sean. “The Olympics of Terror: at the 1972 Games, Palestinian militants took Israeli athletes hostage, bringing terrorism to the world stage. (times past).” New York Times Upfront 11 Feb. 2002: 26+. Student Resource Center – Gold. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

Monshipouri, Mahmood. “The PLO rivalry with Hamas: the challenge of peace, democratization and Islamic radicalism.(Palestine Liberation Organization).” Middle East Policy 4.3 (1996): 84+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

Waltzer, Kenneth. “Spielberg’s Munich, Ethics, and Israel.” Israel Studies 11.2 (2006): 168+. Student Resource Center – Gold. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

Silverman, Yonatan. “How Israel won the war against the suicide bombers.” Midstream 55.3 (2009): 5+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

“Terrorism in the 1970s.” DISCovering U.S. History. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center – Gold. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

Martin, Maxwell. “Israel Since 1980.” The Middle East Journal 63.1 (2009): 171. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 19 Dec. 2009. .

Examining Journal Articles

1. “Arab Terrorists Murder Eleven Israeli Olympic Athletes, September 5, 1972-September 6, 1972.” DISCovering World History. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center – Gold. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

-The “what” question: What was the main factor as to why the terrorist group, Black September, entered the Israeli residence at the Olympic Village, taking nine Israeli athletes hostage and killing two others?

-The dependent and independent variables:

DV1: effect of the terrorist attack

DV2: Munich Massacre

IV1: Black September taking hostage eleven Israeli Olympians

IV2: Yasser Arafat, denied any collusion with Black September

IV3: Black September was created after “ten terrible September days” of fighting against the forces of King Hussein of Jordan (Arab world perspective)

2. DeSpain, Dori. “One Day in September: The Full Story of the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre and the Isaraeli Revenge Operation ‘Wrath of God.’.” School Library Journal 47.3 (2001): 286. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

-The “what” question: What was the aftermath of this tragedy, primarily Israel’s “Deadly Response”?

-The dependent and independent variables:

DV1: Israel’s “Deadly Response”

DV2: Munich Massacre (1972 Munich Olympics)

IV1: Palestinian motivations and enabling circumstances

IV2: Beginning with the Sabena hijacking in May 1972, Mossad and Israeli military intelligence failed to realize that Black September had changed its strategy as it shifted from targeting Arab (mainly Jordanian) officials to attacking Israelis

IV3: The Munich tragedy might have been avoided had Israeli officials heeded the warnings of Shmuel Lalkin, the head of Israel’s Olympic delegation, who strongly opposed the decision to house the Israeli team in an easily accessible and hence vulnerable unit at street level in the Olympic Village

3. McCollum, Sean. “The Olympics of Terror: at the 1972 Games, Palestinian militants took Israeli athletes hostage, bringing terrorism to the world stage. (times past).” New York Times Upfront 11 Feb. 2002: 26+. Student Resource Center – Gold. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

-The “what” question: How did the events in Munich put terrorism on the global stage in a new way?

-The dependent and independent variables:

DV1: Effects of terrorist attack globally

DV2: Israeli perspective on international community

DV3: Impact of Israel’s retaliation

IV1: A memorial service was held that morning in the Olympic Stadium. The games continued the next day. Some athletes, including the remaining Israeli team members, were furious that the games weren’t canceled, and they left for their home countries. (Should the games have been cancelled as well as a memorial service? Where they mad at the coordinators or at the international community for not encouraging the cancelling of the games?)

IV2: Israel launched strikes on terrorist camps and eventually killed all but one of the surviving gunmen (Israel’s Deadly Response)

IV3: The terrorists offered an alternative: Fly them and their nine hostages to a sympathetic Arab country (What was the Arab World’s perspective on this attack?)

List of all independent variables found in five scholarly articles about dependent variable:

DV1: Munich Massacre

DV2: Israeli Society

IV1: Palestinian guerillas wanting to destroy Israel (dramatic political assassinations and extortions)

IV2: Result of Six Day War (Israel was victorious)

IV3: King Hussein had previously antagonized Black September; thus, they threw out diplomatic reasoning and resorted to the use of force.

IV4: The Palestinian refugee situation after the Arab-Israeli war of 1948-1949 (Palestinian animosity towards Arab states)

IV5: Arab states applauded Black September because they agreed that Israel was the main problem

2. McCollum, Sean. “The Olympics of Terror: at the 1972 Games, Palestinian militants took Israeli athletes hostage, bringing terrorism to the world stage. (times past).” New York Times Upfront 11 Feb. 2002: 26+. Student Resource Center – Gold. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

DV1: Munich Massacre

DV2: New aspect of terrorism (use of force)

DV3: Israeli society

DV4: Israeli Response- Operation Wrath of God

IV1: 1 hour after attack, two hostages had already been killed

IV2: Golda Meir not giving in to ultimatum because “If we should give in then no Israeli anywhere in the world can feel that his life is safe.”

IV3: Olympic events went on as scheduled until about noon, when officials bowed to growing criticism of their insensitivity and suspended the Games.

IV4: “The name of Palestine was repeated all over the world that day. A lot of the people … who had never heard of Palestine knew then that there were a deprived people with a cause to fight for.” (Increasing power of PLO and desire for a Palestinian homeland)

IV5: “The United States embarked today on diplomatic efforts throughout the world and new security measures at home to try to curb international political terrorism.” (attack revolutionized the use of terrorism)

3. “Terrorism in the 1970s.” DISCovering U.S. History. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center – Gold. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

DV1: Munich Massacre

DV2: Terrorism reaching a new peak

IV1: Demonstrated increasing power of PLO

IV2: Because of the increasing power shown by PLO, they were made the sole representative of the Palestinians

IV3: PLO effectively inflicted terror

IV4: PLO redefined terrorism or better said set the stage for future terrorist acts because there had not been attacks to that extensive degree

IV5: Public opinion of PLO dramatically changes

4. Silverman, Yonatan. “How Israel won the war against the suicide bombers.” Midstream 55.3 (2009): 5+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

DV1: Public Opinion of PLO

IV1: PLO now labeled as “suicide bombers” because of their drastic use of force

IV2: More than 1,100 Israelis died (over 70 percent of them civilians), and 7,800 injured in more than 25,000 different terror attacks.

IV3: The PLO’s persistency through their attacks allows them to increase in popularity and power.

IV4: Public feels as if the PLO is wrong for pursuing their interests through terrorist attacks.

IV5: Although popularity increases, other states do not want to assist the PLO because of the enemies they have made.

5. Waltzer, Kenneth. “Spielberg’s Munich, Ethics, and Israel.” Israel Studies 11.2 (2006): 168+. Student Resource Center – Gold. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .

DV1: Munich Massacre

DV2: Israeli society

DV3: Munich (movie)

IV1: The movie Munich turns out to be significantly misleading (shows bias)

IV2: Ethics in movie is skewed because “just because somebody is assassinated does not mean another person on the opposing side has to be assassinated”

IV3: Germans capitulated to PLO, Israel did not

IV4: Israel did not expect this attack by the PLO

IV5: “A response to a response doesn’t resolve anything. It just creates a perpetual motion machine.” – Spielberg … He believes that the Israelis should not have responded.

IA Topic Map

bringash — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 15:22:46 +0000

Internal Assessment Question

bringash — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 15:56:43 +0000

How did the Arab world view the Munich Massacre by the PLO?

Scavenger Hunt !

bringash — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 20:21:19 +0000

All links to my scavenger hunt are to the right under “Bookmarks !” I was not able to upload them in a post due to my lack of knowledge when it comes to using WordPress. I apologize in advance for any difficulties that may occur when attempting to access these links.

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OPVL Golda Meir

bringash — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 20:19:01 +0000

Origin:

Testimony by Golda Meir
Golda Meir = Prime minister of Israel
March 25^th, 1946

Purpose:

Talk the governments of Britain and US into allowing unlimited Jewish immigration into Palestine
Promotes the idea of a Jewish homeland
Unveils how Jews live in other countries (senseless dying)
Live along with “non-Jews” , does not want to invoke violence

Value:

Primary Source
Articulates Zionist Case for Palestine as a homeland for Jews
Shows pattern of Jewish immigration
Only an opinion, nothing official

Limitations:

Female articulation, not male (thus less powerful)
Persuasive speech, does not show detrimental effects
Does not show support, does not show negative feedback of organizations that would oppose this
Overlooks Arabs

OPVL UNSCOP Plan

bringash — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 20:05:12 +0000

Origin:

November 29^th, 1947
Formed by a committee created by the UN to address the conflict of the land in Palestine (Arab and Jews)

Purpose:

Provided a practical agreement to both parties
Create independent nations in which both have equal opportunities
Jewish immigration would be solved
Showed a way of how economic unity would be preserved in each state
Promotes a treaty between Arabs and Jews
Jews will be granted most economically developed area of Palestine

Value:

Primary Source
UNSCOP plan
Document is later referred to, in order to see what was previously agreed

Limitations:

Does not satisfy both Arabs and Jews
Bias, Jews will be granted most economically developed land

OPVL Nasser’s Response

bringash — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 19:53:14 +0000

Origin:

Nasser to Britain and France
November 1^st, 1956

Purpose:

Decline the British and French demands
This was done through an ultimatum

Value:

Shows Egypt’s disobedience in regard to British and French interests
Egypt will fight against outside influences, no matter what

Limitations:

Nasser lies in this document saying that Egypt was simply repelling the Israeli forces
He is only trying to please people (thus emphasizing LIES)
These lies poses the question whether any of this is true …

OPVL Abba Eban

bringash — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 19:47:03 +0000

Origin:

Speech to the UNSC by Abba Eban
Abba Eban = Israeli foreign minister
1956

Purpose:

Protects Israel’s offensive against the Egyptians in Sinai

Value:

Verbalizes Israel’s key goal with this offensive was to discontinue the Egyptian raids that had been going on for years

Limitations:

Does not show how Israel came to this decision
United Nations is not taken into consideration when making this decision
Also does not show Israel’s true intentions (making Egypt less powerful)